Wall construction



'W..E. WILSON.

WALL CONSTRUCTION..

v APPUC 1,350,399 A ammefmgl 24,1920. 1

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

ffy/MM. y MQM;

w. E, WILSON.: WALL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 26.191?.

`Patented Aug. 24, 1920 v 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

rie.

WALL CNST-UGTON.

nation of aipnlieetion Ser To all whom, it may Concern: Be it known thatl, lilium/nir E. Vinson, a citizen ol the United States, residing; al:lilason fiy, in the county of Cerro (lordo and Stae oi iowa, haveinvented cert-ain new and uselul improvements in.Wall oiislzrueion, oi'which the following is a Speciliealaion.

This invention relates to improvements in wall constrnetiomand moreparticularly to sueli walls as are built, ol' hollow building rile orother masonry eonstruotion.

it is a Well known niet that in a great many walls ol presen dayeonstrueion nher iban iliose embodying my invention. that one maystanirelose to a. window within a rooni and by holding liis handadiaeent tbe edges oi' the window easing.r will experienee a disini-tdraft of eold air passing through the joints between said easingr andthe adjacent portions ol' tbe wall. lso when eiaeks oer-ur in theplastei'ingf at lie corners olt a building. similar drals of eoldaiiiinay be experieneed due to tbe pas-sagre of the eold aiii' througheiaelis iii the. @orner eonstruelion. l'iueli is obviously veryundesirable 'for many reasons., amongf wbieh would be the addeddiiiieulty of heating-tbe room. as well as the, danger of the passageoi' moisture ilirougli surh eraelcs and info llie room.' All haveentirely elin'iiiiated these undesirable lealiiires in in v new l'ormo'l' wall eonstruetion.

Among: l'lie objeets ol my invention is lo prevent the passage oi wind'through sueli oi'aelcs beweei'i the window veasingY and wall or aibthen-orner as releri'ed to above: furilier io provide a more. elim-tiveeoiiiieeion between the easiiipr nieiiibei' oi' suib openings aswindows. doors. and the like. and the.

adjacent masonry eonstruetion; further to provide a novel 'lorin 'ofeorner Construc-v tion, as a result ol wliieh not only will the entryoi' wind and moisture, be prevented. bui, the srenpflli ol libe wallwill be greatly inereased; lurilier to combine in wall eonstruction lhe,maximum ol strength. simplieiy. eeoiiomy, neatness, durability. andinsnlalgion against wind, dampness. and cold; and suf-,li furilierobjeets, advantages and eapabililies as will later more fully appear.

This in the wall ronstruotion disclosed in niy Parent lilo. 1.234.990.or' .lniyih 1917. and is a. continuation of my ire-pending applies-'Specication of Letters zitent.

invenlion comprises improvements" Paienlied Ang. 2li.

iai No. 752,4f9, tiled March 6, w13. This application filed @einher 2li,

1917. Serial No. 195mm.

lion, Serial lo. 752,419, for wall construe tion filed lilarrli il.i923. y invention l'urilier resides in that rombinalioneonsrurtion andarrangeniei'iiit of parts illiistrafed in die 'aeeoinpanying drawings,and while I have shown therein preferreclconstruetions oi my invention.l desire it to he understood that the same is sus ceptilile ofinodifieation and change without departing ii'oin the spirit oi" in vIinvention.

Refer fing lo 'filie drawings: lfigu e 1` is an isornetriel view ol" theform of lilork used in llie eonstrnrion of the wall. Fig. 2 is airac'liiinal portion ol' lie block shown iii Fig. l. and loi-ined b vsplitting *die entire blot-li: liiouifli a vertieal trans-verse plane. y

Figs. Il. 4. '43. and illusirae i'urllier types ol bloelis embod \,'inymi' invention. the outline of whieli is elianged to suit vaiving;conditions.

Fig. 8 illustrates the forni ol' bloclc shown in Fig. 5 when made use ofin Corner `construetion. Figs. l), 1i) and 11 are transverse liorilzoiital sertional views taken tli'iough that portion ol the walladjacent suoli openings as windows. doors, or the like. and showing.

typieal eonstruetion used in pilovidingi' suel'i openings.

Fig. 12 is an .isometric view: parts being shown in seetion lio furtherillnstrate the application ol' my iiii'enii'e idea in forn'iing siieliopenings as windows. doors, or lzlielike. lfig. ill shows a furtheradaptation in the f'consiriieiioii. of a more simple forni of openinprthrough the wall. y

Fig. l-l is a` seetional view taken on line l-l-ll ol' Fig'. l2. showingexaggerated the surplus space between the rib "10 and the sides ol'Lli'e groove (i as being packed with milking or the like.

ln'tlie drawings.. while l have shown the different forms ol blocks asbeing` formed ol' hollow tile. it is obvious that any form ofeonsriietion arinbodying my inventive idea may be malleus-e of. yThe,various figures of the drawings illustrate the wide range ofinlaptabilities of my invention.

The blork illustrated in Fig. l of the drawings is that forni of blockshown in inv Patent No. 1.234.990. and used in the coiislruetion of themain portion of the wall..

cally, and there being interposed between every alternate block adjacentthe window or door opening a fractional block such as shown in Figs. 2and 12, the latter ligure showing the actual arrangement ot' theseblocks in the wall. The lfock of Fig. 1, as will be seen,-consists ofthe two hollow transversely spaced lobes 1 and 2, which are separated by means of the Webs 3 and el, which webs are in turn spaced or insettrom the sides of tlhe block. The lobes 1 and 2 may be divided into anydesired number of voids separated by the webs 5, which webs it will benoted are out of alinement with the Webs 3 and 4. This construction` issuch as to result in the formation oi the longitudinally extendinggrooves (3 and 7 in opposite faces ot the block, the purpose for whichgrooves will later more jfully appear. Upon each side ot' this blorkthere may be formed kerfs 8 and l), which serve as guides in splittingthe block vinto tractional parts when desired. Similar ker'fs may alsobe provided in webs 3 and 4 to facilitate the splitting ot' the blockthflugh a longitudir il plane it desired'. One ot the fractional partstormed by thus splitting tl'ieblock is illustrated in Fig. 2, inv whichit will be seen that the longitu( nal groove t3 is preserved intact. Theadaptation of this torni of block th the formation ot openings in thewalls, such as win.- dows, doors, and the like, is clearly illustratedin Fig. 12, in which it will be seen that the fractional blocksalternatewith the complete blocks, both ot' which are arranged with their voidsin a vertical direction and with the grooves (i in vertical alinement.rFliese vertical alined grooves are also in alinement `with the similargrooves formed in the upper snri'are ot the layr ot hor i Zontal blocksdefining the lowf.l limitsl of such opening in the wall.

In Fig. 12 l have shown at the bottom of the opening in the wall a sill25, which may be of concrete, tile, terra cotta, brick, stone, marble,granite, or the like, and on the under face of which there may l e therib or' tongue 26, which fits within the groove (i. However, this sillor lintel may be omitted and the bottom 4l of the casing member 44, bothofwhich are provided on their exterior Surfaces with the rib 45, may beapplied di rectlytoy the upper surface ot' the main blocks with the ribin engagement with the groove (Sas shown in Fig..13. The construction of\Fig. 12 is that comprising the use of' a l'I'OX flilllie 4() to theback side of which is rabbeted or otherwise secured the verticallyextending tongue or strio 10,'wliieh when in position extends into thegroove (i. This construction is such as to provide by virtue of theentry of the tongue 1() within the groove 6, an absolute protectionagainst the entry of `wind 'from the exterior of the wall through thejoint betweeny the casing and blocks to the interior of the room. Anyfree spaces that may exist between the ri' 10 and the groove 6 may beadditionally sealed by calking with hemp or other calking material asdesired. Such calking would guarantee a further protection against the'entry of wind. Attention is further called to the fact that thearrangement of the vertical blocks shown in Fig. 12 in addition toproviding vertical grooves for the receptionof a wind seal, al-so sealsthe ends of the longitudinal passages in the horizontally ar rangedblocks in the main part of the wall; This form' of connection betweenthe 4window casing and the vertically arranged blocks is further ot suchnature as to aflord an exceedingly rigid connection between the casingmember and the Wall.

. As stated above, Fig. 13 shows the use of a more simple form of casingmember, which l .is provided upon the outer surface with thelongitudinally extending rib or tongue 45, which is adapted to fit'Within the longitudinally extending grooves (5, and also the verticallyextending grooves (l. Itis also to be noted in Fig. 13. that a slightlydifferent form ot vertical tile is used from that shown in Fig. 12, theform in Fig. 13 being a complete block but formed with only one void ineach lobe instead of being split oil` fromthe larger block. ln Fig. 13every alternate course at the window or door opening is 'formed of acomplete block, but only halt as large as the one immediately above orbelow it.v InFig. l2 every alternate block adjacent the window or dooropening is formed by .splitting in halt' a blocksimilar to the oneimmediately above or below it. Such halt block is shown in Fig. 2 and isformed'by splitting `the block ot' Fig. 1 along the ker'f 8. Theinventive idea is the same in each case, and comprises the presentationot' the vertically alined grooves within which grooves tits either thetongue 1() of the box casing shown in Fig. 12 or the tongue 45 ot' thesimpler form of casing member shown in Fig. 13.

Forms of vertical blocks illustrating the further adaptation of myinventive idea to the construction of such openings as windows, doors,or the like are illustrated in Figs. 9, 1() and 11,"in Fig. 9 of whichit will be seen that on one side ot the vertically arranged blocks andadjacent the groove 6 is provided the projecting portion 11, which hasbeen added to this portion ot' the block for the purpose of carrying outmore complete architectural designs. This projection 11 virtuallyamounts to extending either the lobe 1 or 2 beyond or longer than theother for the architectural effect mentioned above. The extending of obe11- beyond the typical lobe 1 is made to comply with desiredarchitectural effects only, and does not change the mechanical principleor the iniso The eriengemeni o? ehe voies shown in Fig. i? is to beconsidered es iilue ireiive only enri een be veried es desired? no suiteconomical manufacturingveoniiions. The non freine shown inFig. 9 ispeovifieri upon one sidewito the longitudinnily es tending Longue 12,which in this cese is mede .u pen?. ci' if e bei: freine, anni 'veniiveide in operefzive 4pesiution is inserted wiziiin groove tiene' fing .ime 40, inns ine insie'ie ci lehe vve-liiend upon the outer ine -iveiithere lies been ndeiiiioneiiy @soviele-:el the eeing ieyeii of bricks,eerie colpite, sione, or the like.

1n 1i is iiiustretedstructure siniiim* no niiet oi Figs. 9 and iQ', withthe eX- eepiion thee for the form bioeir. illus ireefi in Figs.

9 sind 10, *there `has been sub :the fomn oi block shown ini'igs. 1 und9J, end eiso esmpie foifrn oii eesing insiemi oi elle loon casing. Thisseine' sinopie, sypieel easing may also 'ne epilieri in iie insieme wheniiie facing oi brick, eerie eoiiie, oi? iie like, is useai uponlieouiside oi 'iie vvsii.

The specie form of vertical bleek used is shown in detail in Fig. 3, and

e n these blocks in the Wuli, iney are siernzved with that; fol-rn ofbioclr sino-Wn in lii'.,. in oifler to forni e. perfect bond.. is sisepointed cuiJ that the forni oi iiiocii iiiuseed in sind 6 may nesubstif'euisci igor that shown in each of ifigs. 1., 2, 3, i, 9, i0 end11, vfhere thiekness oi Well or ercliieoeurel design permits.

YW? U l @Sr d e L?. .t i o een n, is eerie Jo consono suon open floors,and the liiie, in

es windows,

wlth each otlfiei", l

er elose proximity e me oi' the forni oi block shown in Y eroboeiying*miie seme invenii've idees ieefi oui, above, out 'embodyingelieureeture'tiiet ehe provision of the en sesion 13. shown in Fig. 9 isduplicated on .e opposite ieee oi the block,

in :i forno of block which, 'when placed suie in o. pier, colummor thelike, and in eonneo'tion with Whiciijehe construction of openings 1Cordoors, windows, und the like een be provided on eeoh side insjeud oi' onone side only, es illustrated in 9, and 11. 1t is to be further notedthat ille form of block shown in Fig. 7 is 'sul'isieniiaily iclentical'with time shown in i, with the `exception that the bloei: oi

' nliel i'eietion.-

ymoy be varied either when placed ilse nig. 7 liies une enienflefl iooes11 instead ci eine ioloes i anni 2 linving their faces in pel'- iill ofehe .figures so for de scribed ere iypicel illustrations only, and iuifoiin oi' bloei; or iorin oi easing or oim of combination to snif.:eiciiitecfsurei iequirenients, but still re sining the mein inventivefeature.

:it is e Weii known vniet Elie; substantially seme requiremenis for *cheprevention of the pesssge o- Wind, moisture.A und the iike,

occurs in the cese ci openings in walls throwing these parteneer/ertlius resuit superposedj relai-ion `in a Wall, vili re-A oi theblock `ile/scifineri abo-ve, else occurs in corner consuction, ondforniie prevention of iviiioh :it tthis oinff` li have illustrated'myinventive idea. in this connection Iin Fig. 8, in which ii.' seen timethe vertically arrungeei iioiiovv block illustrated in Fie. 5 isiorinecl with the eigension il, groove 6, and lobe 1 hereioiorcdescribed, with the course of bioeks i @skiing the. sun-ie relativereletion therese es ine cesings or box frames ebove Liesciiiicd., thepeeking' (taking the form oi a, longitudinal' insulniing strip) teliingine pioce'oi the tongue on the frame and forming :i ilgi'ii insulating'joint. The forni of block used in Fig'. 8 is of' somewhat less thicknessfor u porhion of its length and is substantially i. shaped, the groove 6being formed et the rentran angle between lie poiiion end the inain partof the iisock. 'E forni oi block used in constructing ilie coi'ner oi'Fig. 8, and which block is iliusrufterl in (iereii in Fig. 5, isprovided with tile 'veiticiiiiy extending voids 13, 14 end 1o, theieiier ivvo oi which are divided by the' integral web 16,' and areseparated from the voici 13 by bile web 17. The foot portion of @his i..'sloepeci block, which in other Words, is the extension 11., is providedwith :lle vertically extending void 18. In this foi-1n of block, ifdesired, the web 16 may be omitted. making the voids 1i and 15 onevoirl. i i 'Hevingnovv described my invention, i. elaini: 1. in weil.the main bofly of which is composed oi lioilowtiles ,having spaced aparthollow iones, tile openings of which are arrongeo horizontally with alongitudinal groove therebetween in the upper and iov'ver faces oi' seidsimilarly formed tiles arranged vertically lo eleiine'un opening in tneWal] with their groove adjacent the opening, in registry With iiie uppergroove oi the horizontal course of iiles forming 'the bottom of' theopening, whereby to receive opening to provide u wincl `seal between theeasing; und Llie well.

2. ln u well, the main bofly of which is composed oi iiollovv tileshaving spaced apart holirmv lobes, the openings of which ere arrangedliorisonie-.iiy with a longitu dinol groove therebetween in the upper'and u ril) on the casing of the4 tiles, -in combination y' loner facesofl said tillen-in combination tiles having longitndinal openingstherethrough and a longitndinlal groorelin one lace, said last mentionedtiles being'arranged' vertically/1,. in' the wall with their groovesinalinement with each other and with the vertical sides of the groove ofa v horizontal course 0l' tiles, a casing member havin@ a rib thereinadapted to lit in said alined grooves whereby to provide a wind sealbetween said parts.

3. In wall formed ol horizontal hollow tiles having spaced apart hollowlobes in yobinbination other hollow tiles having spaced fl. ln a wallformed of horizontal hollow tiles having spaced apart hollow lobes, incombination vertically arranged tiles having spaced apart hollow lobesconnectedb'y spaced apart webs, at least one of said webs being spacedfrom the side oli the bloclrto form a groove, one ol said lobes beingpromenno@ dows, doors, or the like, and provide a wind.

seal.

5. In a wall construction, in combination, horizontal layers of hollowtile building blocks having horizontal lpassages theren through, likelayers of hollow tile building blocks arranged horizontally with thefirst layers, but set at an angle thereto and spaced therefrom at theiradjacent ends, and soperposed l. shaped 'corner blocks fitting into theinterspaces of said two sets of layers, the layer blocks being staggeredand the corner blocks being reversed with respect to each other to litbetween the adjacent offset parts of the layers, each corner blockhavingv a vertical bore divided by a vertical web and by another spacedweb connecting said lirst inentionedweb with the opposite wallintegrally, the foot of the L having a vertical bore, and the wall ofthe main part of' the block extending from said foot to the location ofthe first mentioned web being sunken below theouter surface of theblock.

ln witness whereof l hereunto subscribe my name to thisspecification.

WILLIAM E. WH SON.

